Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 7 Articles
Dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, methyldibenzothiophene, methylphenanthrene, nickel and vanadium content, have been determined in eight oil samples from different oil fields in the Central Gulf of Suez. These parameters are used together to provide information on source organic matter input, depositional environment, and the maturity of oils. The results showed that the crude oil samples are classified into moderately mature oil which include N. October, Belayim marine, Belayim Land and July fields, generated in a strongly reducing (marine) environment, characterized by low wax content, moderate to high sulfur, high concentrations of nickel and vanadium, and low nickel/vanadium ratios. Mature oils generated from source rocks deposited in lacustrine palaeoenvironmental conditions and includes oils from Issaran, E. kareem, El-Khaligue and El Ayun fields characterized by high wax, low sulfur, low quantities of metals, and have higher nickel/vanadium ratios....
A high-voltage circuit breaker is an indispensable piece of equipment in the electric transmission and distribution systems.\r\nTransonic flow typically occurs inside breaking chamber during the current interruption, which determines the insulating characteristics\r\nof gas. Therefore, accurate compressible flow simulations are required to improve the prediction of the breakdown\r\nvoltages in various test duties of high-voltage circuit breakers. In this work, investigation of the impact of the solvers on the\r\nprediction capability of the breakdown voltages in capacitive switching is presented. For this purpose, a number of compressible\r\nnozzle flow validation cases have been presented. The investigation is then further extended for a real high-voltage circuit breaker\r\ngeometry. The correlation between the flow prediction accuracy and the breakdown voltage prediction capability is identified....
The electrochemical degradation of anthraquinone reactive dye Novacron Blue 4R has been studied on graphite electrodes. The results indicated that initial pH, current density and supporting electrolytes were played an important role in the degradation of dye. Electrochemical behavior of dye was performed with cyclic voltammetry in acidic medium using pencil graphite as working electrode. The destruction of aromatic rings was characterized by UV-Vis, LC-MS, FT-IR techniques and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were monitored during degradation process to evaluate the degradation efficiency....
The Samalout and Beni Khalid studied areas at Minia Governorate possess an exposure huge quantity of high quality limestone can be ground to a very fine grain size and used as an extender pigments for producing architectural and protective paint materials. In this present study an investigation is carried out to search for the appropriate of local natural ores which can be utilized in producing paint pigments, limestone samples collected from Samalout and Beni Khalid along Cairo-Minia road with total length of 40 km. The collected specimens were crushed and ground to powder varying in size between “10 - 30 um” for laboratory testing. The evaluation techniques for the various ore samples incorporated laboratory work for measuring the material quality control together with laboratory testing including physical properties, chemical analysis and paint manufacture (specific gravity, moisture content, pH value, oil absorption, whiteness, grain size analysis, X-Ray analysis, chemical analysis, microscopic studies), and others to prove that the selected limestone ore possess the required characteristics for pigments that can be utilized in producing the architectural and protective paint material in Egypt. The study indicates that the limestone ore located in Minia “Al Set, Gebel Al Taar, Beni Hassan & Beni Khalid” can be utilized as extender pigments for paint materials. The estimated reserves of the studded ores give an indication of presence the huge quantities for stream production of the some paint pigments needed for Egyptian market....
Heat release rate (HRR) of the design fire is the most important parameter in assessing building fire hazards. However, HRR in\r\nroom fire was only studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in most of the projects determining fire safety provisions by\r\nperformance-based design. In contrast to ten years ago, officers in the Far East are now having better knowledge of CFD. Two\r\ncommon questions are raised on CFD-predicted results on describing free boundaries; and on computing grid size. In this work,\r\npredicting HRR by the CFD model was justified with experimental room pool fire data reported earlier. The software fire dynamics\r\nsimulator (FDS) version 5 was selected as the CFD simulation tool. Prescribed input heating rate based on the experimental results\r\nwas used with the liquid fuel model in FDS. Five different free boundary conditions were investigated to predict HRR. Grid\r\nsensitivity study was carried out using one stretched mesh and multiple uniform meshes with different grid sizes. As it is difficult\r\nto have the entire set of CFD predicted results agreed with experiments, macroscopic flow parameters on the mass flow rate through\r\ndoor opening predicted by CFD were also justified by another four conditions with different ventilation factors....
The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of Sicopion membranes: an ultrathin (Ã?Å?20 Ã?µm) composite cationexchange\r\nmembrane (CEM) made from sulphonated poly(ether-ether-ketone) (SPEEK) containing different levels of sulphonicfunctionalized\r\nsilica particles (SFSPs). Sicopion membranes were conditioned according to the French Normalization Association\r\nprocedure, consisting in a series of acid and alkaline washes, and their electrodialytic characteristics were compared to an existent\r\ncommercial food-grade membrane (CMX-SB). Electrical conductivity of Sicopion membranes was higher than that of CMX-SB\r\nmembranes (9.92 versus 6.98 mS/cm), as well as their water content (34.0 versus 27.6%). As the SFSP level was reduced, the ionexchange\r\ncapacity (IEC) of Sicopion membranes increased. Concerning their electrodialytic performances, Sicopion membranes\r\npresented a lower demineralization rate than CMX-SB membranes (35.9 versus 45.5%), due to an OH- leakage through the pores\r\ncreated by dislodging the SFSP particles during the conditioning procedure....
The goal is to determinate the technical feasibility of using agroindustrial wastes for adsorption of dyes. The pHpzc of Brewer�s spent\r\ngrains and Orange peel is 5.3 and 3.5, respectively. The equilibrium isotherms of Basic Blue 41, Reactiive Black 5, and Acid Black 1\r\nwere carried out without pHs control which ranging between 4 and 5.5. The equilibrium concentrations for both adsorbents were\r\nfitted by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacity measured for Basic Blue 41, Reactive Black 5,\r\nand Acid Black 1 was 32.4, 22.3, and 19.8 mg g-1 for Brewer�s spent grains; and 157, 62.6, and 45.5 for orange peel, respectively. The\r\nkinetic of process was fitted by the model of pseudo-second order. The constant rate for orange peel decreased to extend the initial\r\nconcentration of dye increased, obtaining 4.08 * 10-3-0.6 * 10-3 (Basic Blue 41), 2.98 * 10-3-0.36 * 10-3 (Acid Black 1), and\r\n3.40 * 10-3-0.46 * 10-3 gmg-1 min-1 (Reactive Black 5). The best removal efficiency was obtained in orange peel with values\r\nstarted from 63% to 20%. Consequently, according the results obtained there are two positive effects, the reuse of agricultural\r\nwastes and its use as low-cost adsorbent of the dyes....
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